System calls

Id Description
0x1 ControlMemory(u32* outaddr, u32 addr0, u32 addr1, u32 size, u32 operation, u32 permissions) (outaddr is usually the same as the input addr0)
0x2 QueryMemory(MemoryInfo* info, PageInfo* out, u32 Addr)
0x3 ExitProcess(void)
0x4 GetProcessAffinityMask(u8* affinitymask, Handle process, s32 processorcount)
0x5 SetProcessAffinityMask(Handle process, u8* affinitymask, s32 processorcount)
0x6 GetProcessIdealProcessor(s32 *idealprocessor, Handle process)
0x7 SetProcessIdealProcessor(Handle process, s32 idealprocessor)
0x8 CreateThread(Handle* thread, func entrypoint, u32 arg, u32 stackbottom, s32 threadpriority, s32 processorid)
0x9 ExitThread(void)
0xA SleepThread(s64 nanoseconds)
0xB GetThreadPriority(s32* priority, Handle thread)
0xC SetThreadPriority(Handle thread, s32 priority)
0xD GetThreadAffinityMask(u8* affinitymask, Handle thread, s32 processorcount)
0xE SetThreadAffinityMask(Handle thread, u8* affinitymask, s32 processorcount)
0xF GetThreadIdealProcessor(s32* processorid, Handle thread)
0x10 SetThreadIdealProcessor(Handle thread, s32 processorid)
0x11 GetCurrentProcessorNumber(void)
0x12 Run(Handle process, StartupInfo* info) (This starts the main() thread. Buf+0 is main-thread priority, Buf+4 is main-thread stack-size.)
0x13 CreateMutex(Handle* mutex, bool initialLocked)
0x14 ReleaseMutex(Handle mutex)
0x15 CreateSemaphore(Handle* semaphore, s32 initialCount, s32 maxCount)
0x16 ReleaseSemaphore(s32* count, Handle semaphore, s32 releaseCount)
0x17 CreateEvent(Handle* event, ResetType resettype)
0x18 SignalEvent(Handle event)
0x19 ClearEvent(Handle event)
0x1A CreateTimer(Handle* timer, ResetType resettype)
0x1B SetTimer(Handle timer, s64 initial, s64 interval)
0x1C CancelTimer(Handle timer)
0x1D ClearTimer(Handle timer)
0x1E CreateMemoryBlock(Handle* memblock, u32 memory, u32 size, u32 mypermission, u32 otherpermission)
0x1F MapMemoryBlock(Handle memblock, u32 addr, u32 mypermissions, u32 otherpermission)
0x20 UnmapMemoryBlock(Handle memblock, u32 addr)
0x21 CreateAddressArbiter(Handle* arbiter)
0x22 ArbitrateAddress(Handle arbiter, u32 addr, ArbitrationType type, s32 value)
0x23 CloseHandle(Handle handle)
0x24 WaitSynchronization1(Handle handle, s64 nanoseconds)
0x25 WaitSynchronizationN(s32* out, Handle* handles, s32 handlecount, bool waitAll, s64 nanoseconds)
0x26 SignalAndWait
0x27 DuplicateHandle
0x28 GetSystemTick
0x29 GetHandleInfo
0x2A GetSystemInfo(unsigned long long *Output, unsigned int Type0, unsigned int Type1)
0x2B GetProcessInfo(unsigned long long *Output, Handle KProcess, unsigned int Type)
0x2C GetThreadInfo
0x2D ConnectToPort(Handle*, char *PortName)
0x2E SendSyncRequest1 (Stubbed)
0x2F SendSyncRequest2 (Stubbed)
0x30 SendSyncRequest3 (Stubbed)
0x31 SendSyncRequest4 (Stubbed)
0x32 SendSyncRequest(Handle)
0x33 OpenProcess(Handle *KProcess, unsigned int ProcessId)
0x34 OpenThread
0x35 GetProcessId(unsigned int *ProcessId, Handle KProcess)
0x36 GetProcessIdOfThread
0x37 GetThreadId
0x38 GetResourceLimit(Handle*, Handle KProcess)
0x39 GetResourceLimitLimitValues
0x3A GetResourceLimitCurrentValues
0x3B GetThreadContext (Stubbed)
0x3C Break(BreakReason)
0x3D OutputDebugString(void const, int) (Does nothing on non-debug units)
0x3E ControlPerformanceCounter(unsigned long long, int, unsigned int, unsigned long long)
0x47 CreatePort
0x48 CreateSessionToPort
0x49 CreateSession
0x4A AcceptSession
0x4B ReplyAndReceive1 (Stubbed)
0x4C ReplyAndReceive2 (Stubbed)
0x4D ReplyAndReceive3 (Stubbed)
0x4E ReplyAndReceive4 (Stubbed)
0x4F ReplyAndReceive
0x50 BindInterrupt(Interrupt, Handle, int, bool)
0x51 UnbindInterrupt(Interrupt, Handle)
0x52 InvalidateProcessDataCache(Handle, void*, unsigned int)
0x53 StoreProcessDataCache(Handle process, void const* addr, unsigned int size)
0x54 FlushProcessDataCache(Handle, void const*, unsigned int)
0x55 StartInterProcessDma(Handle* out, Handle dstProcess, void* dst, Handle srcProcess, const void* src, size_t size, const DmaConfig& config )
0x56 StopDma(Handle)
0x57 GetDmaState(DmaState*, Handle)
0x58 RestartDma(nn::Handle, void *, void const*, unsigned int, signed char)
0x60 DebugActiveProcess(Handle *KDebug, unsigned int ProcessID)
0x61 BreakDebugProcess(Handle)
0x62 TerminateDebugProcess(Handle)
0x63 GetProcessDebugEvent(DebugEventInfo*, Handle)
0x64 ContinueDebugEvent(Handle, unsigned int)
0x65 GetProcessList(int *TotalPIDs, unsigned int *PIDs, int MaxPIDs)
0x66 GetThreadList(int*, unsigned int*, int, Handle)
0x67 GetDebugThreadContext(ThreadContext*, Handle, unsigned int, unsigned int)
0x68 SetDebugThreadContext(Handle, unsigned int, ThreadContext const&, unsigned int)
0x69 QueryDebugProcessMemory(MemoryInfo*, PageInfo*, Handle, unsigned int)
0x6A ReadProcessMemory(void* Buffer, Handle KDebug, unsigned int ProcAddr, unsigned int Size)
0x6B WriteProcessMemory(Handle KDebug, void const* Buffer, unsigned int ProcAddr, unsigned int Size)
0x6C SetHardwareBreakPoint(int, unsigned int, unsigned int)
0x6D GetDebugThreadParam(long long *, int *, nn::Handle, unsigned int, nn::dmnt::DebugThreadParam) (Disabled on regular kernel)
0x70 ControlProcessMemory(Handle KProcess, unsigned int Addr0, unsigned int Addr1, unsigned int Size, unsigned int Type, unsigned int Permissions)
0x71 MapProcessMemory(Handle KProcess, unsigned int StartAddr, unsigned int EndAddr)
0x72 UnmapProcessMemory(Handle KProcess, unsigned int StartAddr, unsigned int EndAddr)
0x73 ?
0x74 Stubbed on regular kernel
0x75 ?
0x76 TerminateProcess(Handle)
0x77 (Handle KProcess, Handle KResourceLimit)
0x78 CreateResourceLimit(Handle *KResourceLimit)
0x79 ?
0x7A DisableExecuteNever(unsigned int Addr, unsigned int Size) (Stubbed for regular kernel beginning with 2.0.0-2)
0x7C KernelSetState(unsigned int Type, unsigned int Param0, unsigned int Param1, unsigned int Param2) (The Type determines the usage of each param)
0x7D QueryProcessMemory(MemInfo *Info, unsigned int *Out, Handle KProcess, unsigned int Addr)
0xFF Debug related (The Syscall access control mask doesn't apply for this SVC)


Types and structures

enum MemoryState

Memory state flags Bit
FREE 0
RESERVED 1
IO 2
STATIC 3
CODE 4
PRIVATE 5
SHARED 6
CONTINUOUS 7
ALIASED 8
ALIAS 9
ALIAS CODE 10
LOCKED 11

enum PageFlags

Page flags Bit
LOCKED 0
CHANGED 1

enum MemoryOperation

Memory operation Id
FREE 1
RESERVE 2
COMMIT 3
MAP 4
UNMAP 5
PROTECT 6
REGION APP 0x100
REGION SYSTEM 0x200
REGION BASE 0x300
LINEAR 0x1000

enum MemoryPermission

Memory permission Id
NONE 0
READ 1
WRITE 2
READWRITE 3
DONTCARE 0x10000000


enum ResetType

Reset type Id
ONESHOT 0
STICKY 1
PULSE 2

struct MemoryInfo

Type Field
u32 Base address
u32 Size
u32 Permission
enum MemoryState State

struct PageInfo

Type Field
u32 Flags

struct StartupInfo

Type Field
s32 Priority
u32 Stack size
s32 argc
s16* argv
s16* envp


Processes

Each process can only use SVCs which are enabled in the exheader for this process. The ARM11 kernel SVC handler checks whether the SVC is enabled in the syscall access control mask stored on the SVC-mode stack, when the SVC isn't enabled a kernelpanic() is triggered. Each process has a separate SVC-mode stack, this stack and the syscall access mask stored here is initialized when the process is started. Applications normally only have access to SVCs <=0x3D, however not all SVCs <=0x3D are accessible to the application. The majority of the SVCs accessible to applications are unused by the application.

Each process has a separate handle-table, the size of this table is stored in the exheader. The handles in a handle-table can't be used in the context of other processes, since those handles don't exist in other handle-tables.

0xFFFF8001 is a handle alias for the current KProcess, and 0xFFFF8000 is a handle alias for the current KThread.

Calling svcBreak on retail will only terminate the process which called this SVC.

Threads

For svcCreateThread the input address used for Entrypoint_Param and StackTop are normally the same, however these can be arbitrary. For the main thread the Entrypoint_Param is value 0.

Using CloseHandle() with a KThread handle will terminate the specified thread.

Memory Mapping

ControlMemory and MapMemoryBlock can be used to map memory pages, these two SVCs only support mapping execute-never R/W pages. The input permissions parameter for these SVCs must be <=3, where value zero is used when un-mapping memory. Bitmask 0xf00 for ControlMemory parameter MemoryType is the memory-type, when this is zero the memory-type is loaded from the kernel flags stored in the exheader ARM11 kernel descriptors, for the process using the SVC. ControlMemory parameter MemoryType with value 0x10003 is used for mapping the GSP heap. The low 8-bits are the type: 1 is for un-mapping memory, 3 for mapping memory. Type4 is used to mirror the RW memory at Addr1, to Addr0. Type4 will return an error if Addr1 is located in read-only memory. Addr1 is not used for type1 and type3.

ControlProcessMemory maps memory in the specified process, this is the only SVC which allows mapping executable memory. Format of the permissions field for memory mapping SVCs: bit0=R, bit1=W, bit2=X. Type6 sets the Addr0 memory permissions to the input permissions, for already mapped memory.

MapProcessMemory maps RW memory starting at address 0x00100000 in the specified KProcess, at the specified StartAddr in the current process. MapProcessMemory then maps 0x08000000 in the specified process, to StartAddr+0x7f00000 in the current process. UnmapProcessMemory unmaps the memory which was mapped by MapProcessMemory.

Debugging

DebugActiveProcess is used to attach to a process for debugging. This SVC can only be used when the target process' ARM11 descriptors stored in the exheader have the kernel flag for "Enable debug" set. Otherwise when that flag is clear, the kernel flags for the process using this SVC must have the "Force debug" flag set.

KernelSetState

Type0 initializes the programID for launching FIRM, then triggers launching FIRM. Param0 and Param2 are unused. Param1 is the programID-low, and the programID-high is 0x00040138.

Type3 is used for initializing the 0x1000-byte buffer used by the launched FIRM. Param2 is unused. When Param0 is value 1, this buffer is copied to the beginning of FCRAM at 0xF0000000, and Param1 is unused. When Param0 is value 0, this kernel buffer is mapped to process address Param1.

GetSystemInfo

Type0 value 26(Type1 is unused) writes the total number of processes which were directly launched by the kernel, to Output. For the NATIVE_FIRM/SAFE_MODE_FIRM ARM11 kernel, this is normally 5, for processes sm, fs, pm, loader, and pxi.